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Model Fingerprint

February 19, 2026
By: Andrew Li, Yin Li, David Turkington

In this paper, we propose a novel model interpretability framework named Model Fingerprint. It is a bottom‑up approach to explaining machine learning models that shifts the focus from assigning feature importance to uncovering the logical structure that drives predictions. While attribution methods such as SHAP faithfully quantify how important each feature is, importance alone is a limited set of lens – much like trying to understand a movie by listing how significant each character is without considering their interactions, pivotal moments, or how the plot unfolds. Model Fingerprint identifies sets of interacting components that make a model’s behavior intelligible and produces low‑order approximations that are compact, coherent, and extensible. Fully consistent with SHAP in the limit, it reframes interpretability by connecting attribution to logic, approximation to insight, and convergence to rigor.

 

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Author Bios
Andrew Li
Andrew Li is Vice President and Head of State Street Associates APAC at State Street Markets
Yin Li
Yin Li is Assistant Vice President and Quantitative Researcher at State Street Markets
David Turkington
David Turkington is Senior Managing Director and Head of State Street Associates at State Street Markets
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1. Peter L. Bernstein Award for Best Article in an Institutional Investor Journal in 2013; Bernstein-Fabozzi/Jacobs-Levy Award for Outstanding Article in the Journal of Portfolio Management in 2006, 2009, 2011, 2013 (2), 2014, 2015, 2016, 2021; Graham & Dodd Scroll Award for article in the Financial Analysts Journal in 2002 and 2010. Roger F. Murray First Prize for Research Presented at the Q Group Conference in 2012, 2021, 2023. Harry M. Markowitz Award for Best Paper in the Journal of Investment Management in 2022, 2023. Doriot Award for Best Private Equity Research Paper in 2022.