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We’ll Always Have Paris: How Institutional Exposures to Carbon Emissions Have Evolved Since 2015

October 28, 2021
By: Alex Cheema-Fox, George Serafeim, Stacie Wang, State Street Associates

By Alexander Cheema-Fox, George Serafeim and Hui (Stacie) Wang.


Institutions have decarbonized since 2019: we break down the where and how.


2015 Paris Agreement marked a milestone in that all nations agreed to work together to tackle climate. Responding to this changing landscape and taxonomy in climate change, investors are increasingly paying attention to the carbon exposure of their portfolios. Fast track to 2021, almost six years later, we ask: where are we standing now? Have institutional investor portfolios achieved lower carbon exposures? We develop a coherent framework to measure decarbonization within portfolios and decompose these changes in carbon exposure into distinct components mapping to company behavior, investor behavior, and relative price effects – and find that each component matters in different contexts. Regional and sectoral differences are also explored.


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Author Bios
Alex Cheema-Fox
Alex Cheema-Fox is Managing Director and Head of Investor Behavior and Sustainability Research at State Street Associates
George Serafeim
George is a professor at Harvard Business School whose research combines accounting, finance, management, and strategy. His influential work has documented the energy transition and its cross-market effects, and his book “Purpose and Profit: How Business Can Lift Up the World” explores the challenges and opportunities of driving impact with purpose-driven organizations. George’s in-depth assessments of corporate dynamics give State Street clients new evidence on how capital allocation aligns with long-term stakeholder goals.
Stacie Wang
State Street Associates
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1. Peter L. Bernstein Award for Best Article in an Institutional Investor Journal in 2013; Bernstein-Fabozzi/Jacobs-Levy Award for Outstanding Article in the Journal of Portfolio Management in 2006, 2009, 2011, 2013 (2), 2014, 2015, 2016, 2021; Graham & Dodd Scroll Award for article in the Financial Analysts Journal in 2002 and 2010. Roger F. Murray First Prize for Research Presented at the Q Group Conference in 2012, 2021, 2023. Harry M. Markowitz Award for Best Paper in the Journal of Investment Management in 2022, 2023. Doriot Award for Best Private Equity Research Paper in 2022.